Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Computed Tomography (CT) Guided Implantation of a Totally Implantable Venous Access Port (TIVAP) through Subclavian Vein
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Computed Tomography (CT) Guided Implantation of a Totally Implantable Venous Access Port (TIVAP) through Subclavian Vein

Published on: January 13, 2026

153

Direct cost of maintenance of totally implanted central venous catheter patency

Rafael Fernandes Bel Homo1, Antônio Fernandes Costa Lima2

  • 1MSc, RN, Clinical Research, Instituto do Câncer Do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Revista Latino-Americana De Enfermagem
|July 19, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Maintaining totally implanted central venous catheters with heparin costs an average of $9.71. Replacing heparin with 0.9% sodium chloride reduces this cost by $0.90 per procedure, aiding cost containment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology Nursing
  • Healthcare Economics
  • Vascular Access Devices

Background:

  • Totally implanted central venous catheters (TICVCs) are crucial for cancer patient treatment.
  • Maintaining catheter patency is essential but incurs direct costs.
  • Heparin is commonly used for TICVC maintenance, but its cost-effectiveness warrants investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the average direct cost of maintaining TICVC patency with heparin.
  • To estimate the cost savings associated with replacing heparin with 0.9% sodium chloride for TICVC maintenance.

Main Methods:

  • A quantitative, exploratory-descriptive study was conducted.
  • 200 non-participant observations of TICVC maintenance procedures were performed.
  • Direct costs were calculated based on professional time, workforce costs, and material expenses.

Main Results:

  • The average direct cost for heparin maintenance was $9.71 (SD=$1.35).
  • The average direct cost for 0.9% sodium chloride maintenance was $8.81 (SD=$1.29).
  • Using sodium chloride resulted in an average cost reduction of $0.90 per procedure.

Conclusions:

  • Replacing heparin with 0.9% sodium chloride is a viable strategy for reducing TICVC maintenance costs.
  • These findings support cost containment initiatives in cancer patient care.
  • Optimizing TICVC maintenance protocols can improve resource allocation in healthcare settings.
Abstract

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