Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Quantifying Work

Quantifying Work

As a system undergoes a change, its internal energy can change, and energy can be transferred from the system to the surroundings, or from the surroundings to the system.

Neurons: The Axon

Neurons: The Axon

Axons are long, cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells capable of propagating electrical impulses known as action potentials. The cytoplasm or axoplasm of an axon contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes, all encased within the axolemma, the plasma membrane of the axon.
The axon attaches to the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock. The initial part of the axon, closest to the hillock, is known as the initial segment....

Quantifying Heat

Quantifying Heat

Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the...

Quantifying and Rejecting Outliers: The Grubbs Test

Quantifying and Rejecting Outliers: The Grubbs Test

Sometimes, a data set can have a recorded numerical observation that greatly deviates from the rest of the data. Assuming that the data is normally distributed, a statistical method called the Grubbs test can be used to determine whether the observation is truly an outlier. To perform a two-tailed Grubbs test, first, calculate the absolute difference between the outlier and the mean. Then, calculate the ratio between this difference and the standard deviation of the sample. This...

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method

Chemistry is an empirical science. Scientists often pose questions to understand the chemistry in everyday life and seek answers to these questions. To achieve this, scientists follow a definitive series of steps that together make up the Scientific Method. This approach involves making observations, asking questions, building a hypothesis, conducting experiments, analyzing results, and forming a conclusion.

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves formulating a question based on observation, developing a testable potential explanation for the observation (called a hypothesis), making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis, and using the findings to create new hypotheses and predictions.
Generally, predictions are tested using carefully-designed experiments. Based on the outcome of these...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Monoclonal antibodies against nitrated nerve growth factor reveal an oxidation-dependent pathogenic hallmark in ALS.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

A systematic review of the potential neurotoxicity of micro-and nanoplastics: the known and unknown.

Particle and fibre toxicology·2025

Same author

Extracellular ATP regulates phagocytic activity, mitochondrial respiration, and cytokine secretion of human astrocytic cells.

Purinergic signalling·2025

Same author

Extracellular mixed histones are neurotoxic and modulate select neuroimmune responses of glial cells.

PloS one·2024

Same author

ROS-dependent degeneration of human neurons induced by environmentally relevant levels of micro- and nanoplastics of diverse shapes and forms.

Journal of hazardous materials·2024

Same author

Acetylcholine synergizes with netrin-1 to drive persistent firing in the entorhinal cortex.

Cell reports·2024

Same journal

Epidemiological characteristics of amebiasis in Japan from 2001 to 2022.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Longitudinal associations of academic stress with eating related patterns, nutrition, somatic indicators, and depressive symptoms in university students: A study protocol.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Pollution removal efficiency enhancement by agricultural biomass additions in constructed wetlands: A framework integrating meta-analysis with explainable machine learning.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Insulation failure mapping on power transformer bushing using FRA and electrostatic simulation.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Enhancing medical Q&A systems with multimodal knowledge graphs and dual-layer attention mechanisms.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

UAMP: Consistent video object segmentation with uncertainty-aware memory propagation.

PloS one·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies

Published on: January 11, 2019

A novel method for quantifying axon degeneration.

Aaron D Johnstone^1,2, Robin M Hallett³, Andrés de Léon^1,2

¹Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

|July 19, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new automated method, Axoquant 2.0, quantifies axon degeneration in nerve growth factor-deprived dorsal root ganglia (DRG) axons. This tool aids research into neurodegenerative diseases by measuring cytoskeletal changes and the role of calcium.

More Related Videos

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

Published on: November 25, 2014

Quantifying Levels of Dopaminergic Neuron Morphological Alteration and Degeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans

Quantifying Levels of Dopaminergic Neuron Morphological Alteration and Degeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: November 20, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies

Published on: January 11, 2019

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

Published on: November 25, 2014

Quantifying Levels of Dopaminergic Neuron Morphological Alteration and Degeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans

Quantifying Levels of Dopaminergic Neuron Morphological Alteration and Degeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: November 20, 2021

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cell Biology

Background:

Axon degeneration is crucial in nervous system development and neurodegenerative diseases.
Nerve growth factor (NGF) withdrawal from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) axons models developmental degeneration.
Objective methods for quantifying axon degeneration are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a novel, automated method for quantifying axon degeneration.
To investigate the role of extracellular calcium in NGF-deprived DRG axon degeneration.

Main Methods:

Developed Axoquant 2.0, an R script for automated axon degeneration quantification.
Applied Axoquant 2.0 to bulk cultures of DRG axons after NGF withdrawal.
Measured axonal density over the field of radial axon outgrowth.

Main Results:

Axoquant 2.0 provides objective and automated measurement of axonal density.
Demonstrated the utility of Axoquant 2.0 in studying NGF-deprived DRG axon degeneration.
Examined the role of extracellular Ca2+ in cytoskeletal disassembly during degeneration.

Conclusions:

Axoquant 2.0 is a validated tool for precise axon degeneration quantification.
The method facilitates research into neurodegenerative processes.
Applicable for evaluating gene manipulations and pharmacological interventions in axon degeneration studies.