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Paternal age and assisted reproductive technology: problem solver or trouble maker?

Mariana Bertoncelli Tanaka1, Ashok Agarwal2, Sandro C Esteves3,4,5

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Advanced paternal age over 40 is linked to poorer semen quality. Its impact on fertility treatment success and offspring health requires more research, though risks are seen in natural conception.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Increasing number of couples with advanced reproductive age seek fertility treatments.
  • Female age negatively impacts assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes.
  • The effect of paternal age on ART and offspring health is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on advanced paternal age (>40 years) effects on ART outcomes.
  • To assess the impact of paternal age on the health of offspring conceived via ART.
  • To identify potential strategies to mitigate risks associated with advanced paternal age.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies.
  • Analysis of associations between paternal age, semen quality, ART outcomes, and offspring health.
  • Consideration of maternal age as a confounding factor.

Main Results:

  • Literature supports a link between advanced paternal age and decreased semen quality.
  • Evidence is inconclusive regarding paternal age's effect on ART outcomes.
  • Paternal age's impact on ART offspring health is equivocal, but linked to increased genetic/developmental diseases in naturally conceived children.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced paternal age is associated with reduced semen quality.
  • Further research is needed to clarify paternal age's role in ART success and offspring health.
  • Couples should discuss risks and mitigation strategies like sperm banking and preimplantation genetic testing.