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Nutrition and Lung Growth.

Michele Arigliani1, Alessandro Mauro Spinelli2, Ilaria Liguoro3

  • 1Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria Misericordia 1, 33100 Udine, Italy. michelearigliani@gmail.com.

Nutrients
|July 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nutrition profoundly impacts lung development and lifelong respiratory health. Malnutrition during critical periods like pregnancy and early life can lead to abnormal lung function and growth.

Keywords:
intrauterine growth restriction malnutritionlung developmentlung functionomega-3 fatty acidspediatricsvitamins

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Nutritional Science
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Nutrition significantly influences lung development and long-term respiratory health.
  • Nutrient and oxygen restriction during pregnancy can cause structural lung changes and lasting abnormal function.
  • Inadequate nutrition in premature infants may contribute to bronchopulmonary dysplasia development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of malnutrition on lung growth and function.
  • To examine critical time periods including pregnancy, early life, and childhood.
  • To assess the long-term impact of nutritional status on respiratory health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental evidence from animal models.
  • Analysis of epidemiological studies.
  • Synthesis of recent research findings on infant and childhood malnutrition.

Main Results:

  • Chronic malnutrition during pregnancy leads to structural airway and parenchyma changes affecting lifelong lung function.
  • Poor nutrition in premature infants can hinder lung growth and contribute to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
  • Recent data suggest childhood malnutrition may not impair lung function despite reduced lung size.

Conclusions:

  • Nutritional status during critical developmental windows significantly impacts lung growth and function.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for preventing long-term respiratory issues.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the nuances of malnutrition's impact across different life stages.