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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

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Animacy effects in episodic memory: do imagery processes really play a role?

Margaux Gelin1, Aurélia Bugaiska1, Alain Méot2

  • 1a LEAD-CNRS , Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Animate words are better remembered than inanimate words, but this effect is not due to the vividness or dynamism of mental imagery. Imagery processes do not appear to support animacy effects in memory.

Keywords:
Episodic memoryanimacyevolutionary psychologymental imagery

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research
  • Human Cognition

Background:

  • Animate objects are recalled better than inanimate objects, likely due to their evolutionary significance.
  • The proximate cognitive mechanisms underlying this animacy effect in memory remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether imagery processes, specifically mental image vividness and dynamism, explain the enhanced memory for animate words.
  • To explore the role of encoding tasks (categorization vs. mental imagery) and memory load on the animacy effect.

Main Methods:

  • Four studies examined memory recall for animate and inanimate words.
  • Methods included assessing mental image vividness, evaluating the dynamic nature of mental images, comparing categorization and imagery encoding tasks, and introducing a visual-spatial memory load.

Main Results:

  • Animates were not perceived as more vivid or dynamic than inanimates in mental imagery.
  • The animacy effect was observed after categorization but not after mental imagery formation.
  • Animates were recalled better than inanimates, irrespective of a concurrent visual-spatial memory load.

Conclusions:

  • Imagery processes, including vividness and dynamism, do not appear to be the primary mechanisms driving the animacy effect in memory.
  • The findings challenge the hypothesis that mental imagery directly supports the superior recall of animate information.