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The Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis.

Clair R Martin1, Vadim Osadchiy1, Amir Kalani1

  • 1G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|July 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain-gut-microbiome axis involves bidirectional communication influencing health. Disruptions in this axis are linked to various disorders, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
2BA, secondary bile acid5-HT, serotoninANS, autonomic nervous systemASD, autism spectrum disorderBBB, blood-brain barrierBGM, brain-gut-microbiomeCNS, central nervous systemECC, enterochromaffin cellEEC, enteroendocrine cellFFAR, free fatty acid receptorFGF, fibroblast growth factorFXR, farnesoid X receptorGF, germ-freeGI, gastrointestinalGLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1GPR, G-protein–coupled receptorIBS, irritable bowel syndromeIntestinal PermeabilityIrritable Bowel SyndromeLPS, lipopolysaccharideSCFA, short-chain fatty acidSPF, specific-pathogen-freeSerotoninStressTGR5, G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTrp, tryptophan

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The brain-gut-microbiome axis describes complex interactions between the central nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract, and gut microbes.
  • Communication occurs via nervous, endocrine, and immune pathways, forming intricate signaling loops.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the bidirectional communication within the brain-gut-microbiome axis.
  • To investigate the role of this axis in the pathogenesis of various diseases.
  • To propose a systems biological model of brain-gut-microbiome interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Systems biological modeling to represent communication loops.
  • Analysis of signaling mechanisms (nervous, endocrine, immune).

Main Results:

  • Bidirectional communication exists between the brain, gut, and microbiome.
  • The brain influences gut microbiota via the autonomic nervous system and hormones.
  • Alterations in this axis are implicated in irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, and psychiatric/neurologic disorders.

Conclusions:

  • The brain-gut-microbiome axis is a critical circuit for maintaining health.
  • Dysregulation in this axis contributes to disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research can identify novel therapeutic targets for associated debilitating diseases.