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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

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The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
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Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

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Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
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Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

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The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Adrenal angiosarcoma.

Gülden Cancan1, Serkan Teksöz1, Süleyman Demiryas1

  • 1Department of General Surgery, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.

Turkish Journal of Surgery
|July 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a rare adrenal angiosarcoma, an uncommon vascular tumor. Despite successful surgical removal and radiotherapy, the patient unfortunately succumbed to cardiac insufficiency.

Keywords:
Adrenal angiosarcomaadrenal glandadrenal incidentalomamalignant vascular tumors

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Adrenal angiosarcoma is a rare vascular endothelial neoplasm.
  • Distinguishing it from other adrenal tumors is crucial due to its distinct biological behavior.
  • This report presents a unique case for review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of adrenal angiosarcoma.
  • To highlight diagnostic and management considerations for this uncommon tumor.
  • To discuss the clinical course and outcome.

Main Methods:

  • Histopathological examination confirmed adrenal angiosarcoma.
  • Diagnostic workup included laboratory tests and radiological imaging.
  • Surgical adrenalectomy with tumor resection was performed.
  • Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) was used for follow-up.
  • Retroperitoneal radiotherapy was administered.

Main Results:

  • A 57-year-old woman presented with a 14 cm non-functioning adrenal mass.
  • Histopathology confirmed adrenal angiosarcoma.
  • Complete surgical resection with clear margins was achieved.
  • Post-operative imaging showed no residual tumor or metastases.
  • The patient died from cardiac insufficiency during follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Adrenal angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy.
  • Multidisciplinary management involving surgery and radiotherapy is essential.
  • Despite treatment, outcomes can be poor, emphasizing the need for further research.
  • This case underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis and prompt intervention.