Development and initial validation of the HEXACO-Triarchic scales
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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
Published on: August 29, 2025
Jared R Ruchensky1, M Brent Donnellan2, John F Edens1
1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences.
Abstract:
The Triarchic Model posits that psychopathic personality traits are captured by three dimensions-boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. Recent findings indicate considerable overlap between the Triarchic constructs and the six-factor HEXACO (honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) model of normal personality traits (Ruchensky & Donnellan, 2017). The current study describes the development and validation of Triarchic proxy scales drawn from the HEXACO-100 item pool (Lee & Ashton, 2016) using two large undergraduate samples (Ns = 545, 398) and a community sample from MTurk (N = 391). The HEXACO-Triarchic scales were strongly correlated with other Triarchic measures and showed theoretically predicted relations with criterion variables. The HEXACO-Triarchic scales also appear to have greater discrimination between the three Triarchic dimensions compared with alternative measures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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