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Related Concept Videos

Pressure Gauges01:20

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Most pressure gauges, like those on scuba tanks, are calibrated to read zero at atmospheric pressure. Readings from such gauges are called the gauge pressure, which is the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. When the pressure inside the tank exceeds atmospheric pressure, the gauge reports a positive value. Some gauges are designed to measure negative pressure. For example, many physics experiments must take place in a vacuum chamber, a rigid chamber from which some of the air is pumped...
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Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge01:15

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The utilization of strain gauges as transducers for converting mechanical strain into electrical signals is a common practice in various engineering applications. These strain gauges are frequently integrated into Wheatstone bridge circuits to accurately measure parameters such as force or pressure. Within this context, each element within the circuit exhibits a resistance that undergoes subtle variations when subjected to mechanical strain. The primary objective is to convert minuscule...
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Electromotive Force02:36

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Electricity is generated by either electrons or ions flowing through a solution or a conducting medium. This flow of electrons or specifically electrical charge is defined as an electric current. When electrons move through a wire, they generate an electric current. It can be recalled  that in a redox reaction, electrons are lost and gained. In the spontaneous redox reaction of zinc  with copper, when zinc is immersed in a copper ion solution, a transfer of electrons from one substance to...
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Living Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy
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Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Living Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: June 27, 2013

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A brighter force gauge for cells.

Victor Pui-Yan Ma1, Khalid Salaita1,2,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, United States.

Elife
|July 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

An advanced biosensor provides novel insights into protein tension. This innovation enhances our understanding of molecular forces critical for biological functions.

Keywords:
FRETcell biologyfocal adhesionmechanobiologymolecular biophysicsnonestructural biologytension sensorvinculin

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein structure and dynamics are fundamental to biological function.
  • Understanding the forces, or tension, within proteins is crucial for deciphering their mechanisms.
  • Existing methods for measuring intra-protein forces have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel biosensor for detecting tension within proteins.
  • To apply this biosensor to gain new insights into protein mechanics.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering of a genetically encoded tension sensor.
  • Characterization of sensor response to varying mechanical forces.
  • Application of the sensor in live cells to monitor protein tension dynamics.

Main Results:

  • The improved biosensor accurately quantifies tension in specific protein regions.
  • Demonstration of dynamic tension changes in proteins during cellular processes.
  • Identification of previously uncharacterized mechanical states in proteins.

Conclusions:

  • The developed biosensor is a powerful tool for studying protein mechanics.
  • This work opens new avenues for investigating the role of mechanical forces in protein function and disease.