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Functional considerations in oral cavity reconstruction.

Patrik Pipkorn1, Kelsey Rosenquist1, Joseph Zenga2

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Reconstructing oral cavity cancer defects aims to improve speech and swallowing. While perforator flaps offer benefits, their long-term functional impact and success rates compared to traditional flaps require further investigation for better patient quality of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Oral cavity cancer treatment can significantly impair speech and swallowing.
  • Optimizing post-treatment function is crucial for improving patients' quality of life.
  • Reconstruction techniques have evolved from primary closure to advanced microvascular methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings in the reconstruction of oral cavity defects, focusing on tongue reconstruction.
  • To summarize evidence regarding the use and functional outcomes of reinnervated flaps.
  • To evaluate the impact of different reconstructive choices on postoperative function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on oral cavity cancer reconstruction.
  • Analysis of data concerning perforator flaps for tongue defects.
  • Summary of evidence on reinnervated flaps in reconstructive surgery.

Main Results:

  • Free flap reconstruction allows tailored tissue transfer for specific defects.
  • Perforator flaps show promise with favorable donor site morbidity.
  • The functional impact of motor and sensory reinnervation in vascularized tissue remains largely unknown.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of reconstructive technique's impact on outcome is often overshadowed by donor site morbidity.
  • The functional benefits of motor and sensory reinnervation in flaps are not yet clearly established.
  • Perforator flaps, despite potential advantages, have unclear functional outcomes and potentially lower success rates than traditional flaps.