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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.8K
Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.6K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Ionic Co-Crystal Formation as a Path Towards Chiral Resolution in the Solid State.

Oleksii Shemchuk1, Boryana K Tsenkova1,2, Dario Braga1

  • 1Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored ionic co-crystals of proline and lithium salts (LiX). They discovered chiral preferences in lithium cation coordination, influencing crystal structures and layer formations, and studied dehydration behaviors.

Keywords:
conglomerate formationionic co-crystalslithium cationsprolineracemate formation

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Coordination chemistry

Background:

  • Ionic co-crystals offer tunable properties through varied cation-anion combinations.
  • Proline, an amino acid, can exist as enantiopure (L-proline) or racemic (DL-proline) forms, influencing crystal packing.
  • Lithium salts (LiX) are common inorganic components in co-crystal formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize hydrated ionic co-crystals of proline enantiomers with lithium halides (LiCl, LiBr, LiI).
  • To investigate the chiral preference of the lithium cation in coordinating with proline enantiomers.
  • To analyze the dehydration processes of the newly formed hydrated co-crystals.

Main Methods:

  • Co-crystallization experiments using L-proline, DL-proline, and LiX (X=Cl, Br, I).
  • X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural characterization of crystalline phases.
  • Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to study dehydration behavior.

Main Results:

  • Formation of a series of hydrated ionic co-crystals involving both L-proline and DL-proline with LiCl, LiBr, and LiI.
  • Observation of chiral preference by the lithium cation, leading to homochiral coordination.
  • Distinct crystalline structures were formed: conglomerates with LiCl and LiBr, and racemates with LiCl and LiI, where opposite chiralities segregated into different layers.
  • Characterization of dehydration pathways for all synthesized hydrated crystals.

Conclusions:

  • The lithium cation exhibits a chiral preference, directing the self-assembly of proline enantiomers in the solid state.
  • The coordination behavior of the lithium cation influences the formation of crystalline conglomerates versus racemates.
  • Understanding these dehydration processes is crucial for potential applications in materials science and chiral separations.