Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction
Published on: December 5, 2025
[Reconstruction of trunk soft-tissue defect using the propeller flaps based on the perforators of the posterior
Objective:
To explore the feasibility and technical tips of the posterior intercostal artery perforator (PICAP) flaps for trunk defect reconstruction.
Methods:
The PICAPs were thoroughly explored with the hand-held ultrasound Doppler.According to the size,shape and location of the defect,a perforator flap was raised based on the chosen PICAP,rotated in a certain degree and used to reconstruct the torso defect.
Results:
From October 2009 to October 2015,22 patients underwent defect reconstruction using the PICAP propeller flaps.The chosen perforators derived from the vertebral segments of the posterior intercostal arteries in 2 patients,from costal groove segments in 15,from intermuscular segments in 4,and from subcostal artery in 1.The skin paddle dimension ranged from 12 cm × 4 cm-30 cm × 10 cm.The length of the perforator pedicle was 3.5-7.0 cm (average 4.8 cm).The flaps were rotated 180° in 15 patients,150° in 4 patients,and 90° in 3 patients.19 flaps survived completely.Distal partial flap necrosis occurred in two flaps and total flap necrosis in one.All wounds at donor sites were closed directly.The patients were followed up for 1 to 5 years (average 3.5 years) with satisfactory outcomes and no tumor recurrence.
Conclusions:
The PICAP propeller flap provides a valuable option for different torso defects reconstruction.
Related Concept Videos
Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
Lumber Defects
Shakes are minor fractures that run along or across the wood's annual rings, while wane is...
Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management
Clinical Manifestations:
Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Long-patch Base Excision Repair

