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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel01:27

Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel

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Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.
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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch
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Standardized irrigation technique reduces intraabdominal abscess after appendectomy.

Melanie B LaPlant1, Daniel A Saltzman1, Jocelyn I Rosen1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|July 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Standardized large volume irrigation during appendectomy significantly reduced intraabdominal infections, including in perforated appendix cases. This technique shows promise for improving surgical outcomes in appendicitis treatment.

Keywords:
AppendectomyAppendicitisIrrigationPediatricPeritoneal lavage

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Outcomes
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Gastrointestinal Surgery

Background:

  • The utility of irrigation during appendectomy for acute appendicitis remains debated.
  • Recent studies have questioned the benefit of irrigation in appendectomy procedures.
  • Practices varied, with irrigation being surgeon-dependent or standardized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively assess if a standardized large volume irrigation technique reduces intraabdominal infections after appendectomy.
  • To compare infection rates between standardized irrigation and non-standardized irrigation methods.
  • Hypothesis: No difference in intraabdominal infection rate between the two techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 432 appendectomy cases for acute appendicitis (2007-2017).
  • Comparison of subsequent abdominal infection rates between standardized large volume irrigation and other techniques.
  • Fisher's exact test used for statistical comparison (p < 0.05 significant).

Main Results:

  • No subsequent abdominal infections (0/140) occurred with standardized large volume irrigation.
  • A 6.2% infection rate (18/292) was observed in patients without standardized irrigation (p=0.001).
  • For perforated appendix cases, infection rates were 0% (0/31) vs. 18.9% (14/74) (p=0.009).

Conclusions:

  • Standardized large volume irrigation is associated with significantly lower rates of subsequent abdominal infection.
  • The benefit was observed even in cases involving a perforated appendix.
  • Prospective studies are recommended to further evaluate this irrigation technique.