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Types of Fever

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Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...

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Cultivation Methods of Spirochetes from Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Complex and Relapsing Fever Borrelia

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Acute rheumatic fever.

Ganesan Karthikeyan¹, Luiza Guilherme²

¹Department of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Sciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Lancet (London, England)

|July 21, 2018

Summary

Acute rheumatic fever, an autoimmune response to Streptococcus pyogenes, can lead to rheumatic heart disease. More research is urgently needed for effective diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Background:

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) stems from an autoimmune reaction to Streptococcus pyogenes throat infections.
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a complication of ARF, contributes to heart failure and premature death.
ARF and RHD disproportionately affect low-income countries, exacerbated by poverty and overcrowding.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the significant public health challenges posed by ARF and RHD.
To identify critical gaps in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of ARF and RHD.
To emphasize the urgent need for high-quality research to combat these diseases.

Main Methods:

This study is a review of the current understanding of ARF and RHD.
It synthesizes existing knowledge on disease mechanisms, prevalence, and control efforts.
It identifies limitations in current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

Diagnosis of ARF is purely clinical, lacking a laboratory gold standard.
No current treatments are proven to halt the progression from ARF to RHD.
Evidence supporting current prevention strategies, like prompt streptococcal pharyngitis treatment and long-term antibiotics, is weak.

Conclusions:

Effective strategies for ARF and RHD diagnosis, prevention, and treatment are lacking.
There is a critical need for robust research to develop and validate interventions.
Reducing ARF incidence and preventing progression to RHD requires urgent scientific investigation.