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Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins
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Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Published on: August 31, 2017

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Viral gastroenteritis

Krisztián Bányai1, Mary K Estes2, Vito Martella3

  • 1Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.

Lancet (London, England)
|July 21, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Rotavirus vaccines significantly reduce hospitalizations for gastroenteritis in children under five. Norovirus prevention focuses on hygiene and environmental disinfection, with vaccines still under development.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Enteric viruses, especially rotaviruses and noroviruses, are major global causes of gastroenteritis.
  • Rotaviruses disproportionately impact young children, causing significant mortality and hospitalizations, particularly in developing nations.
  • Noroviruses are a primary cause of foodborne illness and outbreaks across all age groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of rotavirus vaccines on hospital admissions.
  • To discuss current prevention strategies for norovirus infections.
  • To highlight the status of norovirus vaccine development and treatment for viral gastroenteritis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from rotavirus vaccine implementation in various countries.
  • Review of established norovirus prevention measures.
  • Summary of ongoing clinical trials for norovirus vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Rotavirus vaccination led to a 49-89% decrease in rotavirus-associated hospital admissions and a 17-55% decline in all-cause gastroenteritis admissions in children under five within two years.
  • Current norovirus control relies on hygiene and disinfection; vaccine efficacy against diverse strains is uncertain.
  • Fluid and electrolyte replacement remains the primary treatment for viral gastroenteritis.

Conclusions:

  • Rotavirus vaccines are highly effective in reducing childhood gastroenteritis hospitalizations.
  • Effective norovirus vaccines are needed, and current prevention strategies must be maintained.
  • Further research is required for durable norovirus vaccines and improved gastroenteritis management.

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