Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026
06:58
A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study
Published on: November 6, 2015
10.3K
Risk factors for early onset prosthetic valve endocarditis: a case-control study
R Q Garrido1, B Pessanha2, N Andrade2
1Infection Control Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Medical School, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Centro, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The Journal of Hospital Infection
|July 21, 2018
Summary
Early onset prosthetic valve endocarditis (EO-PVE) is linked to postoperative infections and invasive procedures. Reinforcing infection control can help reduce the incidence of this rare complication after cardiac valve surgery.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Surgical Outcomes
Background:
- Early onset prosthetic valve endocarditis (EO-PVE) is a rare complication following cardiac valve surgery.
- It is classified as a healthcare-associated infection, often due to prosthesis contamination during surgery or in the early postoperative phase.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify factors associated with the development of EO-PVE.
- To understand the risks contributing to prosthetic valve endocarditis acquisition.
Main Methods:
- A nested case-control study was conducted between 2006 and 2016.
- Cases (definite EO-PVE within 12 months of valve replacement) were matched with controls by age, gender, and surgical details.
Main Results:
- The median incidence of EO-PVE was 1.1% (26 cases out of 2496 surgeries).
- Intraoperative risk factors included cryoprecipitate and plasma transfusions.
- Postoperative factors included bloodstream infections, pneumonia, central line use, dialysis catheters, and re-operation, all significantly increasing EO-PVE risk.
- Mortality at 12 months was substantially higher in cases (34.6%) compared to controls (6.4%).
Conclusions:
- Patients who developed EO-PVE experienced more infections and invasive procedures postoperatively.
- These factors likely contributed to the contamination of the prosthetic valve.
- Implementing enhanced infection control practices is crucial for preventing EO-PVE.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
13.7K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.7K
01:25Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis
535
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
535
01:25Endocarditis I: Introduction
512
Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
512
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
475
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
475
01:16Heart Valves
12.2K
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
12.2K
01:12Relative Risk
2.2K
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
2.2K