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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Published on: March 6, 2018
Androgenic modulation of AR-Vs
Ana Caroline Hillebrand1, Lolita Schneider Pizzolato1, Gisele Branchini2
1Laboratory of Molecular Endocrine and Tumoral Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Sciences of Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil.
Androgen receptor variants (AR-Vs) expression dynamically changes with androgen levels in prostate cancer cells. Understanding these AR-V dynamics is crucial for developing new prostate cancer therapies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Androgen receptor variants (AR-Vs) play a significant role in prostate cancer progression.
- AR-Vs are investigated as potential biomarkers for resistance to androgen deprivation therapy in metastatic prostate cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the dynamic changes in AR-Vs expression in response to androgen modulation.
- To understand the role of AR-Vs in prostate cancer under varying androgenic conditions.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the C4-2B prostate cancer cell line.
- Exposed cells to varying levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and flutamide.
- Assessed mRNA and protein expression of AR-Vs using qPCR and immunohistochemistry.
Main Results:
- High DHT levels were found to downregulate both full-length androgen receptor (AR-FL) and AR-Vs.
- AR-Vs exhibited dynamic expression changes in response to androgen treatment, despite lacking a ligand-binding domain.
- Flutamide treatment, alone or with low DHT, stimulated prostatic cell growth.
Conclusions:
- AR-Vs demonstrate differential responses to androgenic modulation.
- These findings enhance the understanding of AR-Vs' contribution to prostate carcinogenesis.
- The study highlights the complex behavior of AR-Vs in the context of androgen signaling in prostate cancer.
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