Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
Published on: September 23, 2022
Right Ventricular Dissipative Energy Loss Detected by Vector Flow Mapping in Children: Characteristics of Normal
Zhongxiu Chen1, Yajiao Li1, Chen Li1
1Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Objectives:
The feasible application of vector flow mapping (VFM)-derived right ventricular (RV) energy loss (EL) is lacking. This study was designed to determine reference values of VFM-derived EL within the right ventricle and evaluate potential correlated variables.
Methods:
A total of 90 healthy children were enrolled. Velocity vector fields of the intra-RV outflow tract and pulmonary trunk (OP) and RV blood flow were obtained from the parasternal short-axis view and RV focused apical 4-chamber view, respectively. RV-EL and OP-EL values during diastole and systole were calculated using VFM analysis. The potential relationships between demographic and echocardiographic parameters and the dissipative EL were also identified.
Results:
Mean subject age was 8.99 ± 5.35 years. The median (interquartile range) values were 8.82 (5.47-14.30) W/m for RV diastolic EL, 3.17 (2.11-5.54) W/m for RV systolic EL, 18.82 (13.93-24.92) W/m for OP diastolic EL, and 29.88 (20.62-40.78) W/m for OP systolic EL, respectively. The dissipative EL values were negatively correlated with age and RV global strain, and positively correlated with heart rate and RV Tei index. Multivariate analysis showed that age was the primary independent predictor of these 4 types of EL, while heart rate and strain were contributors of the RV diastolic EL and OP systolic EL.
Conclusions:
The present study initially validated the application of vector flow mapping-derived EL analysis in right ventricle and established reference values for the future assessment of children with cardiopulmonary disease. Age, heart rate, and strain were independent variables correlated with the dissipative EL.
More Related Videos
06:22Standardization of Transfer across Labs between Flow Cytometers for Detection of Lymphocytes in Japanese Encephalitis Vaccinated Children
Published on: February 10, 2023
06:57Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction
Published on: January 31, 2019
Related Concept Videos
Energy Losses in Transformers
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be the high resistance of the...
General Characteristics of Pipe Flow I
The classification of fluid...
General External Flow Characteristics
General Characteristics of Pipe Flow II
The distance to reach a fully developed flow is called the entrance length and depends on the...
Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses
If...
Characteristics of Life