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Counting and Determining the Viability of Cultured Cells
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Digital count summing vs analog charge summing for photon counting detectors: A performance simulation study.

Scott S Hsieh1, Martin Sjolin2

  • 1Department of Radiological Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.

Medical Physics
|July 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Digital count summing (DCS) and analog charge summing (ACS) reduce photon misclassification in CdTe photon counting detectors (PCDs). ACS offers superior performance, but DCS provides a simpler alternative with significant benefits for CT imaging.

Keywords:
charge sharingcharge summingdual energyphoton counting detectors

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging Physics
  • Detector Technology
  • Photon Counting Detectors

Background:

  • Charge sharing in Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)-based photon counting detectors (PCDs) leads to misclassification of high-energy photons.
  • This issue is exacerbated in CT due to high flux and small pixel sizes, increasing spectral distortion.
  • Analog charge summing (ACS) is effective but complex to implement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate digital count summing (DCS) as a potentially simpler alternative to ACS for correcting charge sharing in CdTe PCDs.
  • To compare the performance of DCS and ACS in simulations for CT applications.
  • To quantify the relative benefits of each method in reducing spectral distortion and improving dose efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Monte Carlo simulations were used to model photon transport in CdTe detectors.
  • Energy deposition was converted to electrical charges, assuming perfect collection within pixels.
  • ACS grouped charge over a 2x2 pixel block before digitization; DCS digitized charge per pixel and summed adjacent events post-digitization.
  • Simulations were conducted at low flux, with default parameters including 120 kVp, 20 cm water, 250 μm pixel pitch, and a Gaussian charge cloud (σ=40 μm).

Main Results:

  • Uncorrected detectors misclassified 51% of photons; DCS misclassified 39%, and ACS misclassified 15%.
  • DCS improved dose efficiency by 100% over uncorrected detectors for iodine imaging; ACS provided an additional 111% improvement over DCS.
  • For nonspectral tasks, DCS and ACS improved DQE(0) by 10% and 20% respectively, compared to uncorrected detectors.
  • DCS generally offered about half the benefit of ACS, with performance dependent on charge cloud size.

Conclusions:

  • Digital count summing (DCS) presents a simpler implementation alternative to analog charge summing (ACS) for mitigating charge sharing in CdTe PCDs.
  • DCS provides significant improvements in dose efficiency and spectral accuracy, though generally less than ACS.
  • The choice between DCS and ACS may depend on implementation complexity versus desired performance gains.