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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

An In Vitro Dissolution Determination of Multi-Index Components in Tibetan Medicine Rhodiola Granules
Published on: November 4, 2022
Characteristics of multi-component formulation granules formed using distributive mixing elements in twin screw
Shankali U Pradhan1, Maitraye Sen1, Jiayu Li1
1a Davidson School of Chemical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette ( IN ), USA.
Abstract:
This work examines the influence of pharmaceutical powder formulation characteristics on granule properties formed using distributive mixing elements (DMEs) in twin screw granulation. High and low drug dose formulations with three different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were considered. The type and concentration of the API in the formulation significantly affected the dry blend particle size distribution and the wet blend dynamic yield strength. However, despite the differences in blend properties, the granule size distributions were not significantly affected by the type of API used. The granule size distributions were solely the functions of the liquid-to-solid ratio and screw element geometry. However, the granule porosities were observed to be dependent on both the liquid-to-solid ratio and the dynamic yield strength of the blends. This work is the first to study the influence of drug loading and API type on the granule attributes produced using distributive mixing elements.
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