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Classification of Elements and Compounds

Classification of Elements and Compounds

Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
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Organic Compounds

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All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...

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Elements
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Mixtures of Gases: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures and Mole Fractions

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Unless individual gases chemically react with each other, the individual gases in a mixture of gases do not affect each other’s pressure. Each gas in a mixture exerts the same pressure that it would exert if it were present alone in the container. The pressure exerted by each individual gas in a mixture is called its partial pressure.

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Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

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Helium-Iron Compounds at Terapascal Pressures.

Bartomeu Monserrat^1,2, Miguel Martinez-Canales^3,4, Richard J Needs²

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8019, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|July 21, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Noble gas helium forms stable iron compounds at extreme terapascal pressures. A superionic melting phase is predicted, impacting planetary and stellar interior models.

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$Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures$

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

Published on: October 7, 2013

Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Planetary science
Stellar astrophysics

Background:

Helium is a noble gas, generally inert under ambient conditions.
Understanding high-pressure behavior of elements is crucial for planetary and stellar interiors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the binary phase diagram of helium and iron at extreme pressures.
To predict the formation of helium-iron compounds and their melting behavior.

Main Methods:

First-principles calculations were employed to determine phase stability.
Molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate melting properties.

Main Results:

Stable crystalline compounds of iron and helium (FeHe and FeHe2) form at terapascal pressures.
A superionic phase with sublattice melting of helium atoms is predicted at high pressures.

Conclusions:

The predicted helium-iron phase diagram has significant implications for the interiors of giant planets and white dwarf stars.
High-pressure conditions can lead to unexpected chemical interactions and phases.