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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
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Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors01:19

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors

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Drug distribution in the human body is a complex process influenced by various individual factors, including age, pregnancy, obesity, diet, body water composition, pH levels, and specific disease conditions.
Age plays a significant role due to differences in body composition among different age groups. Infants, for instance, have a higher proportion of total body water and lower albumin levels, a protein that binds drugs in the bloodstream. This unique composition in infants enhances the...
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An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice
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Factors that modulate olfactory dysfunction.

Kate Beecher1, James A St John2, Fatemeh Chehrehasa1

  • 1School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Neural Regeneration Research
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The nervous system

Keywords:
anosmiabulbectomydegenerationensheathing cellsepitheliumgrowth factorloss of smellneuronolfactoryreceptorregeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • The olfactory system exhibits lifelong regeneration, with olfactory sensory neurons replenished by stem cells.
  • Olfactory dysfunction, caused by aging, disease, or trauma, negatively impacts well-being, mental health, and safety.
  • Effective treatments for olfactory dysfunction are crucial due to its wide-ranging consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current therapeutic strategies for enhancing olfactory neuron regeneration.
  • To explore novel approaches for treating olfactory dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research on olfactory neuron regeneration.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on cell transplantation, physiological modulation, and drug treatments for olfactory dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Promising new therapeutic approaches for olfactory dysfunction are emerging.
  • Cell transplantation, physiological modulation, and drug treatments show potential for improving olfactory regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted therapies are being developed to address olfactory neuron loss and dysfunction.
  • Regenerative strategies offer hope for restoring olfactory function and improving patient quality of life.