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Empathy changes in neurocognitive disorders: A review.

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Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCDs) can impair empathy, particularly cognitive empathy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Educating caregivers about these empathy changes is crucial for patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Empathy, the ability to understand and share others' feelings, can be compromised in major neurocognitive disorders (MNCDs).
  • Impaired empathy affects both patients with MNCDs and their caregivers, highlighting a significant clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on empathy changes in patients diagnosed with major neurocognitive disorders (MNCDs).
  • To identify common assessment tools and observed patterns of empathy deficits in various MNCDs.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted.
  • Studies focusing on empathy changes in patients with MNCDs, utilizing objective scales, were included.

Main Results:

  • The Interpersonal Reactivity Index is frequently used to assess empathy in MNCD patients.
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients show cognitive but not affective empathy deficits, possibly due to cognitive decline.
  • Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients exhibit severe empathy impairments, increasing caregiver burden. Empathy changes in other dementias remain unstudied.

Conclusions:

  • Educating caregivers about empathy loss in AD and FTD is essential for disease management.
  • Further research is needed to investigate empathy alterations in other MNCDs and explore therapeutic interventions like intranasal oxytocin.