A novel antimicrobial and remineralizing toothpaste containing CaCl₂/chitosan microspheres

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Research
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Dental caries remains a significant global health issue.
• Current treatments often focus on fluoride, but novel approaches are needed.
• Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) shows promise for enamel remineralization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the efficacy of a novel toothpaste formulation (Chi-ACP paste) for caries control.
• To investigate the in situ formation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) from chitosan calcium microspheres and phosphate ions.
• To evaluate the remineralization potential of Chi-ACP paste on human tooth enamel.

Main Methods:

• A prototype toothpaste, Chi-ACP paste, was developed using CaCl₂/chitosan microspheres.
• An in vitro pH cycling model was employed to simulate demineralization and remineralization.
• Enamel samples were analyzed using SEM/EDX and PLM to assess mineral content and remineralization.

Main Results:

• Chi-ACP paste significantly increased calcium content and Ca/P ratios in treated enamel compared to controls.
• Polarized light microscopy indicated a larger remineralization band in enamel treated with Chi-ACP paste.
• No significant differences in demineralization depth were observed among the groups.

Conclusions:

• Chitosan's antibacterial properties combined with CaCl₂ encapsulation offer a promising strategy for caries control.
• In situ formation of ACP during brushing presents a feasible method for enhancing enamel remineralization.
• This approach could lead to new toothpaste formulations for preventing and managing dental caries.