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Human Extrafollicular CD4+ Th Cells Help Memory B Cells Produce Igs.

Sang Taek Kim1,2, Jin-Young Choi1, Begona Lainez1

  • 1Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|July 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a novel CD4+ T cell subset in human tonsils that promotes memory B cell antibody production. These extrafollicular T cells are crucial for effective humoral recall responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are critical for primary immune responses and B cell maturation.
  • The specific T cells driving humoral recall responses via memory B cells remain less defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a distinct CD4+ T cell subset in human tonsils responsible for promoting humoral recall responses.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human tonsillar CD4+ T cell subsets.
  • Assessment of chemokine receptor expression, cytokine secretion (IL-21), and transcription factor BCL6.
  • Evaluation of T cell interaction with memory B cells and antibody production.

Main Results:

  • A unique extrafollicular CD4+ T cell subset was identified, distinct from Tfh cells.
  • These cells express CXCR5 and PD-1, secrete IL-21, and express BCL6.
  • They reside at the T cell zone/B cell follicle border, interacting with memory B cells.
  • Promotion of memory B cell antibody production occurs via CD40L, IL-10, and IL-21.

Conclusions:

  • A novel extrafollicular CD4+ T cell subset specializes in promoting T cell-dependent humoral recall responses.
  • This subset's unique localization and function are critical for adaptive immunity.