[Noninvasive phenotyping of renal tumors-current state of the art]

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Oncology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Solid renal tumors present diagnostic challenges due to overlapping imaging features.
• Accurate tumor subtyping is crucial for personalized therapies and requires noninvasive methods to minimize complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current state and emerging developments in noninvasive radiological phenotyping of common adult renal tumors.

Main Methods:

• Review of current multimodal and multiparametric imaging techniques.
• Exploration of novel techniques including texture analysis, deep feature classification, iodine quantification, and MR spectroscopy.

Main Results:

• Existing imaging methods allow for accurate noninvasive differentiation of many benign and malignant renal tumors.
• New techniques show promise for detailed characterization, including tumor grade and genetic factors, in complex cases.

Conclusions:

• Noninvasive radiological phenotyping is advancing, with multimodal imaging enabling precise tumor differentiation.
• Emerging techniques are crucial for further characterizing renal tumors and guiding personalized treatment strategies.