[Robots in urology-an analysis of current and future devices]

Area of Science:

• Minimally Invasive Surgery
• Robotic Surgery
• Urology

Background:

• The expiration of key patents for robotic surgical devices in 2019 signals the end of a market monopoly.
• Anticipation of increased competition in the robotic surgery market is expected.
• Robot-assisted surgery has been utilized since 2001, with significant advancements in device technology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current literature and patents related to robotic surgical devices.
• To analyze and classify features of existing and emerging robotic surgical systems for urological applications.
• To compare new devices against the established quality standards of the Da Vinci surgical system.

Main Methods:

• Conducted a comprehensive search of scientific literature and relevant patents.
• Reviewed manufacturer websites for details on robotic surgical devices.
• Classified devices based on key features: console type, robotic arm arrangement, 3D video systems, and degrees of freedom (DOF).

Main Results:

• Identified key features for comparison, including console design, robotic arm configuration, video display technology, and end-effector DOF.
• Highlighted specific endourology systems like Avicenna Roboflex® and AquaBeam®.
• Roboflex® enhances ergonomics for flexible ureteroscopy; AquaBeam® potentially automates prostate aquablation therapy.

Conclusions:

• The competitive landscape for robotic surgery is evolving with new market entrants.
• Standardized classification of device features is crucial for evaluating new robotic surgical systems.
• Emerging technologies like AquaBeam® may significantly alter surgical procedures, potentially reducing the need for direct surgeon intervention in certain applications.