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Diesel engine emission analysis using fuel from diverse emulsification methods.

Dhani Avianto Sugeng1,2, Wira Jazair Yahya3, Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin1

  • 1Advanced Vehicle System, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

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A novel steam-generated water-in-diesel emulsion fuel (S/D) significantly reduces emissions. This surfactant-less fuel offers improved reliability and lower costs compared to conventional diesel and emulsified fuels.

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Area of Science:

  • Combustion science and engineering
  • Sustainable fuels and energy

Background:

  • Diesel engines are a major source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions.
  • Conventional emulsion fuels often require surfactants, increasing cost and complexity.
  • Surfactant-less emulsion fuel preparation methods are sought for improved sustainability and reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emission characteristics of a novel steam-generated water-in-diesel emulsion fuel (S/D).
  • To compare the performance of S/D fuel against conventional diesel (D2) and a surfactant-based emulsion (E10).
  • To evaluate a new, surfactant-less emulsion preparation method.

Main Methods:

  • A stationary diesel engine was used for emission characterization.
  • Steam was thermally converted into water droplets within diesel to create S/D fuel in real-time.
  • Exhaust gas emissions (NOx and PM) were measured for D2, E10, and S/D fuels.

Main Results:

  • Both E10 and S/D fuels significantly reduced NOx emissions compared to D2 diesel.
  • S/D fuel demonstrated a maximum NOx reduction of 40.0%, while E10 achieved 58.0%.
  • S/D fuel achieved a substantial 57.0% reduction in PM emissions, outperforming E10's 20.0% reduction.

Conclusions:

  • The steam-generated water-in-diesel (S/D) emulsion fuel is effective in reducing NOx and PM emissions from diesel engines.
  • The surfactant-less preparation method offers potential for reduced cost and increased system reliability.
  • S/D fuel presents a promising alternative for cleaner diesel combustion.