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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Monkey Models and HIV Vaccine Research.

Zhiwei Chen1

  • 1AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. zchenai@hku.hk.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Developing an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine is challenging due to the lack of suitable animal models. Research using simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) in macaques offers valuable insights for HIV cure and vaccine development.

Keywords:
AIDSHIVModelNonhuman primateSHIVSIVVaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has posed a global health challenge since 1981.
  • Developing an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine or cure remains difficult despite extensive research.
  • A key obstacle is the absence of an immune-competent animal model for live HIV infection and disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize scientific evidence from animal models used in AIDS research.
  • To highlight the role of non-human primate models in understanding HIV pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy.
  • To contribute accumulated knowledge towards finding a definitive solution for HIV/AIDS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific evidence generated in animal models.
  • Focus on models involving rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and chimeric simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV).

Main Results:

  • Non-human primate models (SIV/SHIV in macaques) have been crucial for understanding AIDS pathogenesis.
  • These models have facilitated the study of HIV vaccine candidates and potential cures.
  • Significant scientific data has been generated over 36 years of research in these models.

Conclusions:

  • Rhesus macaque models infected with SIV/SHIV are invaluable for HIV/AIDS research.
  • These models aid in determining correlates of protection for vaccine efficacy before human trials.
  • Continued research and knowledge sharing from these models are essential for advancing HIV/AIDS solutions.