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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
Published on: March 31, 2019
A tour of 3D genome with a focus on CTCF
Diane C Wang1, William Wang1, Linlin Zhang1
1Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics Shanghai, China.
Abstract:
The complex three-dimensional (3D) structure of the genome plays critical roles in the maintenance of genome stability, organization, and dynamics and in regulation of gene expression for understanding molecular mechanisms and diseases. Chromatin maintains biological functions and transcriptional activities through long distance interaction and interactions between loops and enhancers-promoters. We firstly overview the architecture and biology of chromatin and loops, topologically associated domains (TADs) and interactions, and compartments and functions. We specifically focus on CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) in 3D genome organization and function to furthermore understand the significance of CTCF biology, transcriptional regulations, interactions with cohesin, roles in DNA binding, influences of CTCF degradation, and communication with wings-apart like (Wapl) protein. We also summarize the advanced single cell approaches to further monitor dynamics of CTCF functions and structures in the maintenance of 3D genome organization and function at single cell level.
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