Nonfatal Injuries to Firefighters Treated in U.S. Emergency Departments, 2003-2014

Several studies of nonfatal firefighter injuries have been conducted but are limited by the inclusion criteria used and coverage. The aim of this study was to enhance current knowledge by providing national estimates of nonfatal injuries to firefighters treated in U.S. emergency departments.

Nonfatal injuries from 2003 through 2014 were extracted from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System occupational supplement (NEISS-Work). NEISS-Work captures nonfatal occupational injuries, illnesses, and exposures treated in a sample of U.S. emergency departments. Nonfatal injury rates were calculated based on NEISS-Work counts (numerator) and counts from the National Fire Protection Association (denominator). Data were analyzed from 2016 through 2017.

Between 2003 and 2014, an estimated 351,800 firefighters were treated in emergency departments for nonfatal injuries. The overall rate was 260 injuries per 10,000 firefighters. Career firefighters had an annual rate of 699 injuries per 10,000 firefighters; volunteers had a rate of 39 injuries per 10,000 firefighters. Leading injury events were fires and explosions (36%) and overexertion and bodily reactions (20%). A majority (38%) of injuries occurred during firefighting activities, 7% occurred during training, and 7% occurred during patient care. Sprains and strains accounted for the largest proportion of injuries in all three of these activities: 28% firefighting activities, 32% training, and 36% patient care.

The results demonstrate that nonfatal injuries for firefighters remained high throughout the study period. The predominance of sprains and strains in all firefighting activities suggests the need for additional research and prevention needs in areas of improved fitness, safer body postures and movements, and situational awareness.