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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Utilizing Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Language Function in Stroke Patients with Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia
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Late functional improvement after lacunar stroke: a population-based study.

Aravind Ganesh1, Sergei A Gutnikov1, Peter Malcolm Rothwell2

  • 1Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|July 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Patients with lacunar stroke show greater functional improvement between 3 and 12 months post-stroke compared to non-lacunar stroke patients. This highlights potential for late recovery and informs rehabilitation strategies.

Keywords:
functional outcomeischaemic strokelacunar strokesrecoveryrehabilitationtrail design

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Clinical Neuroscience

Background:

  • Stroke recovery involves neuroplasticity and adaptation to impairments.
  • Limited research exists on late functional improvement (beyond 3 months) across different stroke subtypes.
  • Lacunar stroke is often a focus for late restorative therapy studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare functional improvement rates beyond 3 months in patients with lacunar versus non-lacunar ischemic strokes.
  • To investigate potential differences in late functional recovery based on stroke subtype.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, population-based cohort study of 3-month ischemic stroke survivors (Oxford Vascular Study).
  • Assessed functional status using modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), and Barthel Index (BI) from 3 to 60 months.
  • Used logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, and baseline disability, to compare functional improvement between stroke subtypes, particularly from 3 to 12 months.

Main Results:

  • Lacunar stroke patients showed no difference in 3-month outcomes compared to non-lacunar stroke patients.
  • However, lacunar stroke patients were significantly more likely to demonstrate further functional improvement between 3 and 12 months post-stroke (aOR for mRS: 1.64, p=0.004).
  • These findings were consistent across different outcome measures (mRS, RMI, BI) and analysis restrictions.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with lacunar strokes possess significant potential for late functional improvement, specifically from 3 to 12 months post-stroke.
  • This potential should encourage patients and clinicians to pursue maximized late improvements in routine practice.
  • Intervention studies involving lacunar stroke patients should incorporate randomized and controlled designs due to common late recovery.