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Ecological Succession02:17

Ecological Succession

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Ecological succession is influenced by the processes of facilitation, inhibition, and toleration. Facilitation occurs when early successional species create more favorable ecological conditions for subsequent species, such as enhanced nutrient, water, or light availability. In contrast, inhibition happens when early successional species create unfavorable ecological conditions for potential successive species, such as limiting resource availability. In some cases, later successional species...
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An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced change in an ecosystem. The impact of an ecological disturbance, which can depend on its intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in shaping the species diversity within the ecosystem.
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Ecological Niches02:02

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All organisms have a position within an ecosystem. The complete set of living and nonliving factors—including food resources, climate, and terrain—that define the position of a given organism are collectively referred to as the organism’s ecological niche.
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Global Climate Change01:50

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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The rate of change is a central concept in mathematics that quantifies how one variable varies in response to another. It serves as a foundational tool in modeling dynamic systems across disciplines such as physics, biology, economics, and engineering. Understanding both average and instantaneous rates of change enables the analysis of behavior in functions that describe real-world phenomena.Average Rate of ChangeFor a function f(x) defined over an interval [x1,x2], the average rate of change...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Extraction and Analysis of Microbial Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Soils
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Alpine soil microbial ecology in a changing world.

Jonathan Donhauser1, Beat Frey1

  • 1Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.

FEMS Microbiology Ecology
|July 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Alpine soil microbes are highly adapted to harsh conditions, with diversity and function closely linked to climate and soil properties. Climate change impacts these unique ecosystems, affecting biogeochemical cycles.

Area of Science:

  • Microbial ecology
  • Soil science
  • Climate change research

Background:

  • Alpine soil ecosystems face significant climate change impacts, altering microbial diversity and biogeochemical processes.
  • High-altitude soils are understudied due to accessibility issues and heterogeneity, hindering comparative research.
  • Understanding alpine microbial ecology is crucial for predicting ecosystem responses to global change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare alpine and arctic microbial ecosystems under climate change.
  • To investigate the influence of climatic variables, vegetation, and soil properties on alpine microbial communities.
  • To analyze microbial diversity, structure, and function along altitudinal gradients and in permafrost soils.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing studies on alpine and arctic soil microbial ecology.

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  • Analysis of microbial alpha-diversity and community structure in relation to environmental gradients.
  • Examination of microbial succession in glacier forefield chronosequences.
  • Discussion of experimental climate change studies on alpine soils.

    • Main Results:

    • Alpine microbial communities are diverse and adapted to harsh conditions, with structures correlating strongly with environmental factors.
    • Climate change, including warming and altered moisture, induces shifts in microbial community structure and function, though results can be contradictory.
    • Alpine permafrost soils and glacier forefields represent unique habitats for studying microbial diversity and succession.

    Conclusions:

    • Alpine soil microbial communities closely mirror the complexity and heterogeneity of their environments.
    • Despite environmental challenges, specialized microorganisms thrive in alpine soils, playing key roles in ecosystem functioning.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand and predict the impacts of climate change on these sensitive ecosystems.