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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A Novel Method to Determine the Longitudinal Antibacterial Activity of Drug-Eluting Materials
Published on: March 3, 2023
Optimization of antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Eucalyptus tereticornis and Nigella sativa: Response
Mahmood Rasool1, Arif Malik2, Mohammad Zubair Alam3
1Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
The screening of plants for medicinal purposes represents an effort to discover newer, safer, and possibly more effective drugs. Design of the present study was made aiming to the optimization of the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Eucalyptus tereticornis (leaves) and Nigella sativa (seeds) against bacteria belongings to both Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) spectrum by using response surface methodology. 20 g powder of each E. tereticornis (leaf) and N. sativa (seeds) were mixed with 200ml of ethanol at room temperature, and then it was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min to separate the supernatants, and allowed to dry in order to obtain ethanol free extracts. A fresh bacterial culture of 100μl of test microorganism was inoculated onto media and spread homogeneously. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts showed that all the concentrations tested were effective against the test microorganisms. The diameters of zones of inhibition exhibited by S. aureus PCSIR-83 were in the range of 0-28mm, E. coli PCSIR-102 (0-28mm) and B. subtilis PCSIR-05 (15-26mm). The combination of N. sativa (15mg/μl) and E. tereticornis (20mg/μl) were found most effective at pH 9.0 and temperature 35°C. Our results clearly indicate that Gram positive bacteria showed more sensitivity than Gram-negative bacteria.
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Response Surface Methodology
The process of RSM involves several key steps:
Optimal Foraging
Optimization Problems
Humoral Immune Responses
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
Cell-surface Signaling