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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

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Published on: February 14, 2014
Education Does Not Affect Cognitive Decline in Aging: A Bayesian Assessment of the Association Between Education and
Rasmus Berggren1, Jonna Nilsson1, Martin Lövdén1
1Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract:
Education is positively associated with level of cognitive function but the association between education and rate of cognitive decline remains unresolved, partly for methodological reasons. In this article, we address this issue using linear mixed models and Bayesian hypothesis testing, using data from the Betula cohort-sequential longitudinal study. Our results support the null hypothesis that education does not alter the rate of cognitive decline for visuospatial ability, semantic knowledge, and episodic memory. We propose that education is only a relevant variable for understanding cognitive performance in older age because of the association between performance and education that is formed in early development.
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