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Nicola Canessa1, Vincenza Castronovo2, Stefano F Cappa3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients show altered brain connectivity during working memory tasks, with reduced frontal connectivity and increased right-hemispheric connectivity, impacting cognitive performance.

Keywords:
Brain connectivityCognitive disordersExecutive functionsObstructive sleep apneaWorking-memoryfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to neuro-cognitive impairment.
  • Cognitive dysfunction in OSA is associated with altered resting-state brain connectivity, particularly between executive and default-mode networks.
  • Previous research has not examined brain connectivity during active working-memory tasks in OSA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of OSA on working-memory performance.
  • To examine underlying brain connectivity differences during a working-memory challenge in OSA patients compared to controls.
  • To correlate brain connectivity patterns with neuro-cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in OSA patients and healthy controls during a 2-back working-memory task.
  • Standard fMRI analyses identified activated brain regions for connectivity analyses.
  • A multiregional Psycho-Physiological-Interaction (PPI) approach was employed to assess effective connectivity.

Main Results:

  • OSA patients exhibited normal working-memory performance but showed reduced interhemispheric effective connectivity between frontal executive nodes.
  • Increased right-hemispheric connectivity was observed in OSA patients, facilitating the switch from default mode to executive network activity.
  • The strength of these altered connections correlated with executive and memory performance.

Conclusions:

  • Effective connectivity analysis during working memory tasks offers insights into OSA's neural mechanisms.
  • Altered brain connectivity in OSA supports preserved performance despite cognitive challenges.
  • Findings highlight the dynamic interplay between functional networks in OSA during cognitive tasks.