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Measuring Airway Inflammation in Asthmatic Children

Laura Tenero1, Marco Zaffanello1, Michele Piazza1

  • 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|July 24, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Biomarkers in exhaled breath, like FeNO and VOCs, can help manage childhood asthma by objectively measuring airway inflammation. Improving standardization of these tests will enable personalized asthma treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Asthma is a common childhood respiratory illness marked by airway inflammation and variable obstruction.
  • Current diagnosis relies on clinical history, spirometry, and bronchodilator response, but symptoms may not always reflect inflammation.
  • Objective measures of airway inflammation are needed for effective asthma management and personalized treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the utility of objective biomarkers in managing pediatric asthma.
  • To identify methods that can reflect underlying airway inflammation and treatment efficacy.
  • To highlight the potential of exhaled breath analysis for personalized asthma care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies focusing on biomarkers for asthma phenotyping and inflammation.
  • Discussion of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as feasible clinical tests.
  • Consideration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath for research purposes.

Main Results:

  • FeNO and EBC are clinically accessible methods for assessing airway inflammation in asthma.
  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) show promise in reflecting inflammation and treatment response.
  • Lack of standardization in sample handling and interpretation poses challenges for clinical application.

Conclusions:

  • Objective biomarkers, particularly from exhaled breath, are crucial for understanding asthma heterogeneity.
  • Standardization of biomarker assays is essential for their widespread clinical adoption.
  • Personalized asthma management can be enhanced through the improved use of these objective measures.

Keywords:
FeNObiomarkersexhaled breath condensateexhaled breath volatile compoundsinflammation

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