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Head trauma and olfactory function.

Jessica Howell1, Richard M Costanzo2,1, Evan R Reiter1,2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|July 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory impairment after head injury is common and depends on trauma severity and age. Most neurosensory deficits do not recover, impacting quality of life and safety.

Keywords:
AnosmiaHead injurySmell

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Trauma Science

Background:

  • Olfactory impairment is a common consequence of head injuries.
  • The severity of smell dysfunction correlates with head trauma severity, duration of posttraumatic amnesia, injury type, and patient age.
  • Olfactory deficits can be conductive (potentially treatable) or neurosensory (often permanent).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of olfactory dysfunction following head trauma.
  • To highlight the impact of olfactory loss on patients' quality of life and safety.
  • To emphasize the importance of recognizing and addressing traumatic olfactory dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive patient history and physical examination.
  • Diagnostic imaging (CT and MRI) to determine injury location.
  • Objective olfactory testing to verify and quantify smell deficits.

Main Results:

  • Approximately one-third of patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction experience improvement.
  • Reversible causes like nasal fractures or mucosal edema should be identified and treated.
  • Neurosensory deficits typically do not recover.

Conclusions:

  • Posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction significantly diminishes quality of life and increases personal injury risk.
  • Effective management involves identifying reversible causes, counseling on compensatory strategies, and understanding injury mechanisms.
  • Healthcare providers and patients should recognize olfactory loss as a significant health concern, not merely an annoyance.