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Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature02:19

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Consistent with the law of mass action, an equilibrium stressed by a change in concentration will shift to re-establish equilibrium without any change in the value of the equilibrium constant, K. When an equilibrium shifts in response to a temperature change, however, it is re-established with a different relative composition that exhibits a different value for the equilibrium constant.
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Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Concentration02:27

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A system at equilibrium is in a state of dynamic balance, with forward and reverse reactions taking place at equal rates. If an equilibrium system is subjected to a change in conditions that affects these reaction rates differently (a stress), then the rates are no longer equal and the system is not at equilibrium. The system will subsequently experience a net reaction in the direction of a greater rate (a shift) that will re-establish the equilibrium. This phenomenon is summarized by Le...
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Work Done During Volume Change01:17

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In mechanics, work is done on an object when the force acting on it displaces the object. In thermodynamics, work done on a system can be estimated when the system's volume changes during any thermodynamic process.
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A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse
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[Minimal Change Relapse During Pregnancy].

Fulvia Zanchelli1, Elisabetta Isola1, Lara Cicciarella1

  • 1AUSL della Romagna - U.O. Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale Santa Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italia.

Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Nefrologia
|July 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Nephrotic syndrome in pregnancy, especially from minimal lesion glomerulonephritis, is rare. Prompt steroid treatment can achieve remission and protect mother and fetus.

Keywords:
Minimal change nephropathynephrotic syndromepregnancysteroid

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Obstetrics
  • Glomerular Diseases

Background:

  • Nephrotic syndrome during pregnancy is exceptionally rare, affecting 0.012-0.025% of pregnancies.
  • Minimal lesion glomerulonephritis (MLGN) is an even rarer cause of nephrotic syndrome in pregnancy.
  • MLGN often presents with frequent relapses, posing management challenges.

Observation:

  • A patient with a history of relapsing MLGN, in remission after cyclosporine treatment, conceived.
  • Recurrence of nephrotic syndrome manifested at 23 weeks of gestation.
  • Treatment involved intravenous and oral steroids.

Findings:

  • The patient achieved remission with steroid therapy.
  • She delivered a healthy baby at 37 weeks gestation via spontaneous delivery.
  • Literature suggests rapid steroid intervention for recurrent MLGN in pregnancy.

Implications:

  • Early steroid treatment is crucial for managing recurrent MLGN during pregnancy.
  • Effective management can prevent severe maternal and fetal complications.
  • This case highlights the importance of timely intervention in rare pregnancy-related kidney diseases.