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The development and psychometric evaluation of the Trans Discrimination Scale: TDS-21
Laurel B Watson1, Luke R Allen1, Mirella J Flores1
1Division of Counseling and Educational Psychology.
Journal of Counseling Psychology
|July 24, 2018
Summary
Researchers developed the Transgender Discrimination Scale-21 (TDS-21) to measure unique discrimination experiences of transgender individuals. The TDS-21 is a reliable and valid tool for advancing research on discrimination affecting transgender people.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Sociology
- Gender Studies
Background:
- Existing measures for discrimination against transgender (trans) people are often adapted from LGB populations or generalized, failing to capture unique trans experiences.
- There is a need for a psychometrically sound instrument specifically designed to assess the multifaceted nature of discrimination faced by trans individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and psychometrically evaluate a new scale, the Transgender Discrimination Scale-21 (TDS-21), to measure discrimination experienced by transgender people.
- To provide a reliable and valid tool for researchers to investigate the impact of discrimination on the lives of transgender individuals.
Main Methods:
- A three-part study involving scale development and psychometric evaluation.
- Study 1: Factor analysis to identify the underlying dimensions of trans discrimination, resulting in a five-factor model.
- Study 2: Bifactor modeling to assess unidimensionality and convergent/concurrent validity with related constructs.
- Study 3: Test-retest reliability assessment over a three-week period.
Main Results:
- Study 1 identified five factors of trans discrimination: Microaggressions and Harassment, Restricted Career and Work Opportunities, Maltreatment in Health Care Settings, Harassment by Law Enforcement, and Bullying and Harassment in Educational Settings.
- Internal consistency estimates for the TDS-21 subscales and total score ranged from acceptable to excellent.
- A bifactor model indicated the scale is essentially unidimensional, and validity was supported through significant correlations with measures of trans discrimination, internalized transphobia, psychological distress, and perceived stress.
- Study 3 demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability.
Conclusions:
- The Transgender Discrimination Scale-21 (TDS-21) is a psychometrically sound and reliable measure for assessing discrimination experienced by transgender individuals.
- The TDS-21 can be utilized to enhance research on the role and impact of discrimination in the lives of transgender people.
- This scale offers a valuable tool for understanding the specific challenges and adversities faced within the transgender community.
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