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Published on: June 12, 2020
Mind wandering perspective on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Natali S Bozhilova1, Giorgia Michelini1, Jonna Kuntsi1
1King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Denmark Hill, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is linked to excessive mind wandering (MW). This review proposes the MW hypothesis, suggesting altered brain network interactions cause spontaneous MW, underpinning ADHD symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
- Individuals with ADHD frequently report excessive spontaneous mind wandering (MW).
- MW in ADHD is characterized by unstable and inconsistent mental activity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a novel perspective on ADHD, the Mind Wandering (MW) hypothesis.
- To explore the neural correlates of ADHD and MW.
- To identify potential biomarkers for ADHD.
Main Methods:
- Review of neural correlates of ADHD and MW.
- Analysis of altered default mode network (DMN) deactivation.
- Examination of dysfunctional interaction between DMN and executive control network (ECN).
Main Results:
- Altered DMN deactivation and DMN-ECN interaction contribute to excessive, spontaneous MW in ADHD.
- Deficiencies in neural regulation of MW (context, sensory decoupling, salience) are observed in ADHD.
- MW measures show potential as disease markers and endophenotypes for ADHD.
Conclusions:
- The MW hypothesis offers a new framework for understanding ADHD.
- Excessive MW, driven by neural network dysregulation, underlies ADHD symptoms and impairments.
- MW-related measures could serve as valuable diagnostic and research tools for ADHD.
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