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Evaluating toxicity of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate to microorganisms in soil
Cheng Zhang1, Zhongkun Du1, Bing Li1
1College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Taian, 271018, China.
Abstract:
Ionic liquids (ILs) were widely applied because of their excellent properties. The present investigation studied the toxicity of the IL 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Omim]PF6) to the soil microbial population and community diversity with dose (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 mg kg-1) and exposure time (7, 10, and 13 d). The results show the IL was stable during the entire experimental period. The Biolog-ECO plate results indicated that the average well color development (AWCD) in the 6.0 and 8.0 mg kg-1 treatments was lower than these in the other treatments. The diversity indices of the Biolog analysis were significantly reduced. The abundance of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA-) and the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB-) ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes was measured by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In the treatments of 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 mg kg-1, the abundance of amoA genes of the AOA- and AOB- were inhibited by IL [Omim]PF6.
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