PPARs and Metabolic Disorders Associated with Challenged Adipose Tissue Plasticity

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology and Metabolism
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors regulating gene expression.
• PPARs, in partnership with retinoid X receptors (RXRs), control genes with PPAR-responsive regulatory elements (PPREs).
• Dysfunctional PPARs are linked to metabolic disorders like obesity, insulin resistance, and lipodystrophy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the rationale for optimizing PPAR activation.
• To explore the role of PPARs in metabolic homeostasis under various physiological conditions.
• To highlight the therapeutic potential of PPAR activation in specific pathologies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on PPARs and their functions.
• Analysis of PPARs' role in gene regulation and metabolic pathways.
• Examination of PPARs' involvement in inflammation, adipogenesis, lipid, and glucose metabolism.

Main Results:

• PPAR activation influences diverse homeostatic processes, including inflammation, adipogenesis, and lipid/glucose metabolism.
• Optimal PPAR activation can improve metabolic pathways disrupted in obesity, enhancing metabolic homeostasis.
• PPARs are crucial for adipose tissue homeostasis during pregnancy and aging.

Conclusions:

• PPARs act as lipid sensors with significant therapeutic potential.
• Optimizing PPAR activation is relevant for obesity, insulin resistance, diabetic pregnancy, and aging-related metabolic stress.
• Further research into PPAR activation strategies could yield significant clinical benefits.