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Intermolecular dissociation energies of 1-naphthol·n-alkane complexes.

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This study precisely measured the intermolecular dissociation energies of 1-naphthol complexes with small alkanes using SEP-R2PI. Results reveal how alkane size and structure influence binding strength and complex stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding non-covalent interactions is crucial in chemistry.
  • 1-Naphthol (1NpOH) serves as a model system for studying interactions with aromatic systems.
  • Alkanes represent simple, ubiquitous organic molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To accurately determine the intermolecular dissociation energies (D₀) of 1-naphthol complexes with methane, ethane, propane, and n-butane.
  • To investigate the influence of alkane size and isomeric structure on binding energies.
  • To compare experimental results with theoretical predictions from dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) methods.

Main Methods:

  • Stimulated-emission-pumping/resonant 2-photon ionization (SEP-R2PI) spectroscopy was employed.
  • Supersonic jet cooling was used to prepare cold molecular complexes.
  • Dispersion-corrected DFT calculations (B97-D3, B3LYP-D3, ωB97X-D) were performed.

Main Results:

  • Experimentally determined ground-state dissociation energies (D₀(S₀)) were obtained for 1NpOH complexes with propane (16.71 ± 0.08 kJ/mol) and n-butane (isomers A: 20.5 ± 0.1 kJ/mol, B: 20.2 ± 0.1 kJ/mol).
  • Dissociation energies for methane (7.98 ± 0.55 kJ/mol) and ethane (14.5 ± 0.28 kJ/mol) were refined, accounting for long-lived complexes.
  • DFT methods showed varying agreement with experimental D₀ values, with B97-D3 performing well for larger alkanes and ωB97X-D for smaller ones.

Conclusions:

  • The binding energies of 1-naphthol-alkane complexes increase with alkane size.
  • n-Alkanes primarily interact with the naphthalene "Face" via dispersive forces.
  • The study highlights the strengths and limitations of current DFT methods in predicting non-covalent interactions.