Platelet transfusion: Current challenges.

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Transfusion Medicine

Background:

• Platelet concentrates (PCs) have been transfused since the late 1960s for thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, injuries, and surgery.
• Current transfusion practices for PCs exhibit significant international and inter-institutional variability.
• Despite advances, critical questions persist regarding optimal transfusion strategies and PC quality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and discuss the most debated aspects of platelet transfusion.
• To highlight current challenges and emerging innovations in platelet products.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current practices and ongoing debates in platelet transfusion.
• Synthesis of information on dosing, prophylactic vs. therapeutic strategies, PC quality, storage, efficacy monitoring, and safety.

Main Results:

• Significant variability exists in current platelet transfusion protocols globally.
• Key areas of debate include optimal dosing, prophylactic strategies, PC quality control, storage methods, and transfusion efficacy monitoring.
• Emerging challenges involve the development and integration of novel platelet products, such as cold-stored and in vitro-produced platelets.

Conclusions:

• Standardization of platelet transfusion practices is needed.
• Further research and consensus are required to address current debates and ensure the safety and efficacy of platelet transfusions.
• Innovation in platelet products presents new opportunities and challenges for transfusion medicine.