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Effectiveness of monovalent and pentavalent rotavirus vaccines in Japanese children

Kaoru Araki1, Megumi Hara2, Takeshi Tsugawa3

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University Saga, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University Saga, Japan.

Vaccine
|July 25, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Rotavirus (RV) vaccination is highly effective in Japanese children, demonstrating 80% effectiveness against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). The vaccines proved effective against various RV genotypes and severe cases, offering significant protection.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rotavirus (RV) vaccination has been available in Japan since 2011 but is not part of the national immunization program.
  • Limited data exist on the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of rotavirus vaccines among Japanese children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the real-world effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines in Japanese children.
  • To assess VE against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) across different vaccine types, age groups, and RV genotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Active surveillance of gastroenteritis in children across 14 medical facilities.
  • Test-negative case-control design utilizing immunochromatography for RV detection and genotyping.
  • Logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors to determine vaccine effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • Overall VE against RVGE was 80.0% (95% CI, 72.8-85.5%).
  • VE against severe RVGE requiring hospitalization or intravenous rehydration was 97.3% (95% CI, 88.8-99.3%).
  • Vaccine effectiveness remained high (>70%) up to two years post-vaccination and was comparable between RV1 and RV5 vaccines against common genotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Rotavirus vaccines are effective in preventing mild to severe RVGE in Japanese children.
  • Vaccine effectiveness is consistent across different vaccine types, time since vaccination, and rotavirus genotypes.
Abstract

Keywords:
GenotypeRotavirusSeverityVaccine effectiveness

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