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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Sample Preparation and Analysis of RNASeq-based Gene Expression Data from Zebrafish
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Gene expression data analysis identifies multiple deregulated pathways in patients with asthma.

Reem H Alrashoudi1, Isabel J Crane2, Heather M Wilson2

  • 1Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Bioscience Reports
|July 25, 2018
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Summary

This study identifies distinct immune gene signatures in asthma, revealing differences between mild and severe cases. These findings suggest that asthma progression and corticosteroid response involve separate genetic pathways, impacting patient management.

Keywords:
allergyasthmagene expression

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease with complex molecular underpinnings.
  • Understanding immune signatures is crucial for classifying asthma severity and predicting treatment response.
  • Current knowledge on molecular immune profiles in asthma progression and corticosteroid response remains incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify immune-gene signatures associated with asthma development, severity, and corticosteroid treatment response.
  • To analyze gene expression datasets to uncover molecular differences in asthma.
  • To investigate potential disparities in immune responses to corticosteroids based on patient profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated four asthma-related gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).
  • Utilized clustering analysis to differentiate patient groups based on gene expression.
  • Performed pathway analysis on differentially expressed genes in severe asthma and in response to corticosteroids.

Main Results:

  • Gene expression profiles clearly separated normal, mild, and severe asthma groups, indicating progression-related changes.
  • Pathway analysis revealed significant cellular processes in severe asthma, including T-cell development and TGF-β signaling.
  • Corticosteroid-sensitive patients showed reduced inflammatory genes, including TNF signaling, compared to resistant patients, suggesting immune response defects.

Conclusions:

  • Asthma progression and corticosteroid response are driven by distinct sets of genes.
  • Identified immune-gene signatures offer insights into asthma heterogeneity.
  • These distinct molecular profiles may necessitate tailored clinical management strategies for different asthma patient groups.