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Prioritizing phylogenetic diversity captures functional diversity unreliably.

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Prioritizing phylogenetic diversity (PD) may not always protect functional diversity (FD). While maximizing PD offers some FD gains, it can be a risky conservation strategy, sometimes yielding less FD than random selection.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Conservation Science

Background:

  • The biodiversity crisis necessitates effective conservation strategies.
  • Functional diversity (FD) is crucial for ecosystem functioning.
  • Phylogenetic diversity (PD) is often used as a proxy for FD due to shared evolutionary history.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically test the "phylogenetic gambit": the hypothesis that maximizing PD indirectly captures FD.
  • To quantify the surrogacy of PD for FD in vertebrates.
  • To evaluate the reliability of PD as a conservation prioritization metric for FD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized trait data for over 15,000 vertebrate species.
  • Estimated the degree to which maximizing PD captures FD.
  • Compared FD outcomes of maximizing PD versus random species selection.

Main Results:

  • Maximizing PD yielded an average 18% gain in FD compared to random selection.
  • In over one-third of comparisons, maximum PD sets contained less FD than randomly chosen sets.
  • The effectiveness of PD as a surrogate for FD varied significantly across comparisons.

Conclusions:

  • The "phylogenetic gambit" is not consistently reliable for conserving functional diversity.
  • Maximizing PD can be a risky conservation strategy for ensuring functional diversity.
  • Conservation planning should consider direct measures of functional traits alongside phylogenetic information.