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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Overview of Metabolism01:40

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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
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Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, certain functional groups will make a molecule hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each functional group is a unique...
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Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:10

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Pharmacokinetics is a scientific discipline that focuses on the journey of a drug within the body, encompassing four key stages: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The first stage, absorption, involves the drug's transfer into the bloodstream. Several factors dictate the extent and speed of this process. For example, the liver often metabolizes oral drugs before they reach systemic circulation, leading to only partial absorption. In contrast, intravenous (IV)...
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Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an unaltered drug that, after administration, enters the systemic circulation and can be distributed to the desired action site. Factors such as gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and liver biotransformation influence the bioavailability of a drug when it is administered orally. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the systemic circulation directly; by definition, its bioavailability is assumed to be 100%. The bioavailability of an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A Behavioral Screen for Heat-Induced Seizures in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
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Febrile seizures: an overview.

Alexander Kc Leung1, Kam Lun Hon2, Theresa Nh Leung3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Drugs in Context
|July 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Febrile seizures are common in children and usually benign. Continuous or intermittent anticonvulsant therapy and antipyretics are not recommended for prevention.

Keywords:
anticonvulsantsantipyreticsepilepsyfebrile infection-related epilepsy syndromefebrile status epilepticusmeningitis

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

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Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Clinical Pediatrics

Background:

  • Febrile seizures represent the most frequent neurologic disorder encountered in pediatric care.
  • Physicians require up-to-date knowledge for effective evaluation and management of febrile seizures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a comprehensive update on the current understanding of febrile seizures.
  • To outline current guidelines for the evaluation and management of febrile seizures.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed.
  • Keywords included 'febrile convulsions' and 'febrile seizures'.
  • The search encompassed various study types, including reviews and clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Febrile seizures peak between 12-18 months, linked to CNS vulnerability, genetics, and environment.
  • Diagnostic studies are often unnecessary; lumbar puncture is considered for infants <12 months or suspected meningitis.
  • Complex febrile seizures increase epilepsy risk; recurrence occurs in 30-40% of children. Prognosis is generally favorable.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous preventative antiepileptic drug therapy is not advised for preventing recurrent febrile seizures.
  • Intermittent anticonvulsant therapy is not routinely indicated.
  • Antipyretics do not play a role in preventing febrile seizures.