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Molecular differences between subtypes of bone marrow adipocytes.

Clarissa S Craft1,2, Ziru Li3, Ormond A MacDougald3

  • 1Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Current Molecular Biology Reports
|July 25, 2018
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Summary

Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) differ based on location. This review explores regulated versus constitutive BMAs, their origins, site-specific features, and implications for bone marrow adipose tissue.

Keywords:
adiposebone marrow adipocytehematopoiesismarrow fatyellow marrow

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Area of Science:

  • Adipose tissue biology
  • Skeletal physiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) exhibit unique molecular and physiological characteristics influenced by their skeletal location.
  • Previous research has indicated site-specific differences in BMAs, but a comprehensive understanding is emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of regulated versus constitutive BMAs.
  • To explore the evolutionary and microenvironmental origins of BMAs.
  • To define site-specific molecular features of BMAs and discuss translational implications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bone marrow adipocytes.
  • Analysis of existing data on BMA properties in various physiological contexts.
  • Synthesis of findings related to BMA location and function.

Main Results:

  • BMAs are not a homogenous cell population; they vary significantly based on anatomical site.
  • Evidence supports distinct functional roles for BMAs in processes like hematopoiesis, response to cold, and metabolic regulation.
  • The concept of regulated versus constitutive BMAs is supported by recent findings.

Conclusions:

  • Bone marrow adipose tissue is functionally heterogeneous, with site-specific adipocyte populations.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for comprehending skeletal physiology and metabolic health.
  • The dual bone marrow adipose tissue hypothesis has significant translational potential for various diseases.